Muammar Gaddafi's presidential bolt-hole

A monument has been erected outside the building
bombed by the US in 1986
Bab al-Aziziya - Splendid Gate - the nerve-centre of Col Muammar Gaddafi's regime has long been a symbol of the Libyan leader's defiance.
At the heart of the sprawling presidential compound in downtown Tripoli is the shell of his former residence, partially destroyed by American laser-guided "smart" bombs in 1986.
Col Gaddafi claimed that his adopted baby daughter Hanna had been killed in the attack, ordered by former US President Ronald Reagan. The Libyans had been accused of the bombing of a West Berlin discotheque in which two American GIs were killed.
The iconic building has become a symbol of
Libyan national defiance
The building has not been rebuilt and has been renamed House of Resistance. In front of it stands a giant, gold, clenched fist crushing an American plane.
In the past few months, the iconic building has formed the backdrop for Col Gaddafi's televised addresses, as it did in 2001 when the Libyan leader spoke out angrily against the Lockerbie verdict.
And it is here that this week ordinary Libyans rallied in support of Col Gaddafi, scaling the monument and straddling the plane in front of the cameras of the invited media.
About a quarter of a mile away, nestling among the trees, stands Col Gaddafi's Bedouin-style tent, one of his homes for the past four decades. It was here, in 2004, that the then German Chancellor Gerhard Shroeder was entertained as he became the first German head of state to visit Libya.
Col Gaddafi doesn't stay long in one location and his current whereabouts is a mystery.
Last weekend, a three-story administration building about 50m (160ft) away from the tent was almost demolished in an air strike. Coalition officials insist their target was a command and control facility Col Gaddafi used to communicate with his troops.



It is reported that key military leaders and personnel are based in the compound. 
At the south-eastern side of the compound is a football pitch, probably used by the families that inhabit the rows of houses just inside the compound.  
"The streets with the low houses reminded me a bit of a refugee camp in Gaza," said one member of the team.
The houses are thought to be military accomodation. The team saw a small child peering out of one of them.
Beyond these houses is a lower wall and then an entrance into the compound's "inner sanctum". All visitors are security checked and have to pass through metal detectors.
A lot of soldiers inside the compound and some old, light anti-aircraft guns attached to the back of trucks.

Civilians spared' by Libya raids

Western aircraft have flown hundreds of sorties over Libya
The US chief of staff for the mission in Libya has insisted there have been no reports of civilian casualties caused by allied action.
Rear Admiral Gerard Hueber's comments come despite claims to the contrary by Muammar Gaddafi's government.
Earlier, British Air Vice Marshal Greg Bagwell said Col Gaddafi's air force "no longer exists as a fighting force".
Latest reports from Libya speak of an explosion at a military base in the Tajura region east of Tripoli.
There were also reports that government tanks had shelled the hospital in the rebel-held western city of Misrata.
Witnesses had earlier said the tanks encircling the city had pulled back from their positions under air assault from international forces.
And there is also said to have been fierce fighting between rebels and pro-Gaddafi forces in the strategic eastern town of Ajdabiya. Residents fleeing the town described shelling, gunfire and houses on fire.
 
Operational control
Rear Admiral Hueber was speaking to reporters by phone from the command ship USS Mount Whitney in the Mediterranean.
"We are putting pressure on Gaddafi's ground forces that are threatening cities," he said. Asked if that meant air strikes, he replied: "Yes."
He continued: "Our mission here is to protect the civilian populace and we choose our targets and plan our actions with that as a top priority."
He added that allied aircraft had flown 175 sorties in the last 24 hours - 113 of them by US aircraft.
His comments came as Nato members debated who should lead the intervention, with the US keen to hand over operational control to Nato.
AVM Bagwell said the allies could now operate "with near impunity" over the skies of Libya.
Speaking during a visit to RAF aircrew based at Gioia del Colle in southern Italy, he said they were now applying unrelenting pressure on the Libyan armed forces.
"We are watching over the innocent people of Libya and ensuring that we protect them from attack," he said. "We have the Libyan ground forces under constant observation and we attack them whenever they threaten civilians or attack population centres."
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has again urged Col Gaddafi to step down and leave Libya.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has urged all sides in Libya to cease hostilities. "All those who violate international humanitarian and human rights law will be held fully accountable," his spokesman Martin Nesirky said.
Air Vice Marshall Greg Bagwell: "Their air force
no longer exists as a fighting force"
 
Naval blockade
Meanwhile, ships from Nato nations have started patrolling off the Libyan coast to enforce a UN arms embargo against Col Gaddafi's regime.
A spokesman for the Western military alliance, Canadian Brig Gen Pierre St Amand, said six vessels were taking part in the first day of patrols.

They aim to intercept and board ships suspected of ferrying arms to the Libyan government.
"If, after inspection, doubts remain as to the legitimacy of the cargo, the vessel will be diverted to a designated port for further inspection," said Gen St Amand.
Nato members have been holding talks about assuming responsibility for the no-fly zone over Libya, so far without agreement.
Turkey is an integral part of the naval blockade but has expressed concern about the alliance taking over command of the no-fly zone from the US.
US Defence Secretary Robert Gates is in the Egyptian capital Cairo for talks on both Libya and Egypt's hoped-for transition to democracy following the fall of Hosni Mubarak.

Dissidents' release draws line under Cuba crackdown

Members of the Ladies in White movement have
clashed with pro-government supporters
The Cuban government has freed the last two political prisoners detained during a major crackdown on opposition activists in 2003.

Felix Navarro, 57, was a teacher and political activist; 40-year-old Jose Ferrer a fisherman and member of one of the opposition movements. They were serving 25-year jail terms and considered prisoners of conscience by Amnesty International.
Both returned home early Wednesday morning.
"My dad is in great spirits, very upbeat, very happy, and prepared to pick up where he left off in 2003," his daughter Sayli Navarro said.
Their release means that all of the 75 leading intellectuals, opposition figures and activists detained during what became known as Cuba's "Black Spring" are now out of jail.
At the time there was widespread international condemnation at the mass arrests and long prison terms, with the European Union suspending all its co-operation programmes.
Some of the prisoners were later released on health grounds.
But the real breakthrough came in July last year, with an unprecedented, ground-breaking deal brokered by the Roman Catholic Church in which Cuba's President Raul Castro agreed to free the remaining 52.
Within months, the majority had left with their extended families for Spain. But the process stalled when a dozen of the men refused to go into exile, demanding to be allowed to return to their homes in Cuba.
Supporters of President Castro have held protests
outside the homes of dissidents
Now, at last, all 12 men are back with their families.
Some like Felix Navarro have indicated they intend to maintain their roles as critics of the government.
Angel Moya is another dissident who opted to remain in Cuba.
His wife, Berta Soler, is one of the leaders of the Ladies in White movement. These are wives and mothers of the 75 who campaigned for their release, marching peacefully every Sunday since their arrest hoping to keep the issue in the public eye.
"I am very content and nervous at the same time," Berta Soler said after her husband's release, adding that the protests would continue despite the fact that all their loved ones are now out of jail.
"It is very important that we fight, not only for the freedom of the 75, but also for other prisoners."
Just how many other political prisoners there are is hard to gauge.
The Cuban government has gone beyond its original pledge and allowed at least 60 other prisoners to go to Spain. Eleven more are due to leave shortly, including the last man listed as a Prisoner of Conscience by Amnesty International.
The majority, though, were jailed for what human rights groups describe as violent but politically motivated crimes such as attempting to hijack boats to flee to the US.
Elizardo Sanchez, head of the illegal but tolerated Cuban Human Rights Commission, estimates that there are about 50 such prisoners still behind bars. His list, though, includes those jailed for murder, bombings, and other serious crimes who are not generally recognised as political prisoners.
So why this change of heart by the government?
The political prisoner issue had become an unwelcome distraction for President Raul Castro as he prepared to push through some tough economic reforms, including cutting jobs and reducing subsidies.
The death in jail last year of the dissident hunger striker Orlando Zapata Tomayo refocused world attention on human rights in Cuba. The issue remained in the headlines after another dissident, Guillermo Farinas, began his own prolonged hunger strike.
It also emboldened the small and often divided opposition groups.
By turning to the Roman Catholic Church, President Castro was able to broker a "Cuban" solution without appearing to bow to outside pressure. The head of the Church here is Cuban-born Cardinal Jaime Ortega.
It is also an indication of the growing influence of the Church, which today is the only significant non-state grass roots organisation on this communist run island.
The US has welcomed the releases while criticising Havana's attempt to ship most of its high-profile critics into exile abroad.
The EU is due to consider in the coming months whether to fully normalise relations with Cuba.
Opposition in Cuba
Cuba remains a one party state and despite the releases, the authorities continue to harass opposition groups even though they appear to have little impact amongst ordinary Cubans.
Earlier this month saw the 8th anniversary of the 2003 crackdown. The remaining Ladies in White and some of the released prisoners met at the house of one of the organisers intending to hold a short march.
Instead the house was besieged by several hundred pro-government supporters chanting abuse and forcing them to stay indoors.
The Cuban government denies that it holds political prisoners and considers dissidents as mercenaries.

It likes to quote one of the confidential US diplomatic cables released by Wilikeaks allegedly written by the most senior US diplomat on the island, Jonathan Farrar. In it he complains of the dissident movement's preoccupation with money and obtaining resources from the US.
Perhaps more damning is Mr Farrar's assessment of the effectiveness of the opposition in Cuba, calling its leadership old, largely unknown and badly divided.
"We see very little evidence that the mainline dissident organisations have much resonance among ordinary Cubans," he wrote in his cable to Washington.
If there is one group which is starting to concern the communist authorities it is the small band of Cuban bloggers who tend to be young and with no prior political affiliation.
Blogs like Yoani Sanchez's Generation Y have won international acclaim and countless awards, yet she has never been allowed to travel abroad to collect them.
A recently leaked video of an interior ministry meeting shows officials being briefed on how the US is now allegedly encouraging dissent through social media such as Facebook and Twitter with the goal of toppling the government.
Cuba may have one of the lowest levels of internet access and mobile phone ownership in the Americas, but social media, it appears, is slowly starting to have an impact.

'Serious' cyber attack on EU bodies before summit

The EU has reported a "serious" cyber attack on the Commission and External Action Service on the eve of a summit in Brussels, a spokesman told.
Crucial decisions on the future structure of the EU, economic strategy and the ongoing war in Libya are to be discussed at the two-day talks.
Details were not given but other sources compared the attack to a recent assault on France's finance ministry.
"We're often hit by cyber attacks but this is a big one," one source said.
The European Commission has been assessing the scale of the current threat and, in order to prevent the "disclosure of unauthorised information", has shut down external access to e-mail and the institutions' intranet.
Staff have been asked to change their passwords.
'Serious cyber attack'
"The Commission and External Advisory Service are subject to a serious cyber attack," Antony Gravili, spokesman for the security and information technology commissioner.
"We are already taking urgent measures to tackle this. An inquiry's been launched. This isn't unusual as the commission is frequently targeted."
Mr Gravili added that he had no information the attack had been linked to the EU summit.
France's finance ministry came under a cyber attack in December that targeted files on the G20 summit held in Paris last month.
Confirming the attack, Budget Minister Francois Baroin said an investigation had been launched.
Paris Match magazine said a sustained cyber attack had sought documents related to the G20 and international economic affairs.
More than 150 of the French ministry's 170,000 computers were affected.

World Bank sees Japan slowdown as temporary

Japan's devastating earthquake and tsunami will depress growth briefly before reconstruction kicks off and gives the beleaguered economy a boost, the World Bank said in a report on Monday.
It was too early to make accurate estimates, the report noted, but added that Japan's experience of recovering from the 1995 Kobe earthquake bodes well for its ability to cope with the triple disaster of this month's earthquake, tsunami and nuclear crisis.
"If history is any guide, real GDP growth will be negatively affected through mid-2011. Growth should pick up in subsequent quarters as reconstruction efforts, which could last five years, accelerate," the World Bank said in a supplement to its semi-annual East Asia and Pacific Economic Update.
"A temporary growth slowdown in Japan will have a modest short-term impact on the region," the Washington-based lender added.
The World Bank did not offer its own forecast about the likely cost of Japan's disaster. Citing private estimates, it said the toll could range from $122 billion to $235 billion, or 2.5 to 4 percent of gross domestic product. The 1995 Kobe earthquake caused $100 billion in damage, or about 2 percent of GDP.
Private insurers are likely to bear a small portion of the cost, leaving most to be covered by households and the government, the World Bank said.
Looking at the impact on developing nations in East Asia, the World Bank outlined the potential transmission through trade and finance channels.
It noted that Japan accounted for about 9 percent of the region's total external trade. That means a 0.25-0.5 percentage point slowdown in Japanese real GDP growth would lead to a 0.75-1.5 percent drop in exports from developing East Asia, it said.
An additional trade complication could come from disruptions to East Asia's production chains. Energy costs might also rise as countries review their nuclear power plants, although that could benefit energy producers such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam, it said.
As for finance, one-fourth of developing East Asia's long-term debt is denominated in yen, so a one percent appreciation of the Japanese currency translates into a $250 million increase in annual debt servicing for the region, the World Bank said.
The disaster drove the yen up last week, on expectations that Japanese retail and corporate investors would start bringing money home for reconstruction efforts, prompting the Group of Seven rich nations to rein the currency in with its first coordinated currency market intervention since 2000.

Japan warns radioactive levels high around plant after blast

JAPAN- Japan's prime minister warned on Tuesday that radioactive levels had become high around an earthquake-stricken nuclear power plant after explosions at two reactors, adding that the risk of more radioactive leakage was rising.
Naoto Kan urged people within 30 km (18 miles) of the facility north of Tokyo to remain indoors.
The French embassy in the capital warned in an advisory that a low level of radioactive wind could reach Tokyo -- 240 km (150 miles) south of the plant -- in about 10 hours.
The reactor operator asked the U.S. military for help, while Kyodo news agency said radiation levels nine times normal levels had been briefly detected in Kanagawa near Tokyo.
"We are making every effort to prevent the leak from spreading. I know that people are very worried but I would like to ask you to act calmly," Kan said in an address to the nation.
As concern about the crippling economic impact of the double disaster mounted, Japanese stocks plunged 7.0 percent to their lowest level in nearly two years, compounding a drop of 7.6 percent the day before. The two-day fall has wiped around $500 billion off the market.
There have been a total of four explosions at the plant since it was damaged in last Friday's massive earthquake and tsunami.
Authorities had previously been trying to prevent meltdowns in three of the Fukishima Daiichi complex's nuclear reactors by flooding the chambers with sea water to cool them down.
The full extent of the destruction wreaked by last Friday's massive quake and tsunami that followed it was still becoming clear, as rescuers combed through the region north of Tokyo where officials say at least 10,000 people were killed.
"It's a scene from hell, absolutely nightmarish," said Patrick Fuller of the International Red Cross Federation from the northeastern coastal town of Otsuchi.
Kan has said Japan is facing its worst crisis since World War Two and, with the financial costs estimated at up to $180 billion, analysts said it could tip the world's third-biggest economy back into recession.
The U.S. Geological Survey upgraded the quake to magnitude 9.0, from 8.9, making it the world's fourth most powerful since 1900.
Car makers, shipbuilders and technology companies worldwide scrambled for supplies after the disaster shut factories in Japan and disrupted the global manufacturing chain.
BLAST DAMAGES ROOF, WORKERS TOLD TO LEAVE
The fear at the Fukushima plant is of a major radiation leak after the quake and tsunami knocked out cooling systems.
Jiji news agency said the first explosion on Tuesday damaged the roof and steam was rising from the complex. It also reported some workers had been told to leave the plant, a development one expert had warned beforehand could signal a worsening stage for the crisis.
The worst nuclear accident since the Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine in 1986 has drawn criticism that authorities were ill-prepared and revived debate in many countries about the safety of atomic power.
Switzerland put on hold some approvals for nuclear power plants and Germany said it was scrapping a plan to extend the life of its nuclear power stations. The White House said U.S. President Barack Obama remained committed to nuclear energy.
Whilst the Fukuskima plant's No.1 and No.3 reactors both suffered partial fuel rod meltdowns, operator Tokyo Electric Power Co (TEPCO) had earlier said the No.2 reactor was now the biggest concern.
A sudden drop in cooling water levels when a pump ran out of fuel had fully exposed the fuel rods for a time, an official said. This could lead to the rods melting down and a possible radioactive leak.
TEPCO had resumed pumping sea water into the reactor early on Tuesday.
U.S. warships and planes helping with relief efforts moved away from the coast temporarily because of low-level radiation. The U.S. Seventh Fleet described the move as precautionary.
South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore and the Philippines said they would test Japanese food imports for radiation.
France's ASN nuclear safety authority said the accident could be classified as a level 5 or 6 on the international scale of 1 to 7, putting it on a par with the 1979 U.S. Three Mile Island meltdown, higher than the Japanese authorities' rating.
Japan's nuclear safety agency has rated the incidents in the No.1 and No.3 reactors as a 4, but has not yet rated the No. 2 reactor.
TOWNS FLATTENED
About 850,000 households in the north were still without electricity in near-freezing weather, Tohuku Electric Power Co. said, and the government said at least 1.5 million households lack running water. Tens of thousands of people were missing.
"The situation here is just beyond belief, almost everything has been flattened," said the Red Cross's Fuller in Otsuchi, a town all-but obliterated. "The government is saying that 9,500 people, more than half of the population, could have died and I do fear the worst."
Kyodo news agency reported that 2,000 bodies had been found on Monday in two coastal towns alone.
Whole villages and towns have been wiped off the map by Friday's wall of water, triggering an international humanitarian effort of epic proportions.
"When the tsunami struck, I was trying to evacuate people. I looked back, and then it was like the computer graphics scene I've seen from the movie Armageddon. I thought it was a dream . it was really like the end of the world," said Tsutomu Sato, 46, in Rikuzantakata, a town on the northeast coast.
In Tokyo, commuter trains shut down and trucks were unable to make deliveries as supermarket shelves ran empty.
Estimates of the economic impact are only now starting to emerge.
Hiromichi Shirakawa, chief economist for Japan at Credit Suisse, said in a note to clients that the economic loss will likely be around 14-15 trillion yen ($171-183 billion) just to the region hit by the quake and tsunami.
Even that would put it above the commonly accepted cost of the 1995 Kobe quake which killed 6,000 people.
The earthquake has forced many firms to suspend production and global companies -- from semiconductor makers to shipbuilders -- face disruptions to operations after the quake and tsunami destroyed vital infrastructure, damaged ports and knocked out factories.
"The earthquake could have great implications on the global economic front," said Andre Bakhos, director of market analytics at Lec Securities in New York. "If you shut down Japan, there could be a global recession."

Constitution drafting has gained momentum: CA Chair

CA chairman Subash Nemwang
KATHMANDU: With the sub-committee under the Constitutional Committee settling many disputed issues in constitution drafting, Constituent Assembly (CA) Chairman Subash Nemwang on Thursday said that the constitution drafting process has gained some momentum.
Speaking at a programme organized by the Ministry of Water Resources on the occasion of World Water Day in the capital, Nemwang informed that the meeting of the Constituent Assembly today will send the much-awaited report of the State Restructuring Commission (SRC) to the Constitutional Committee (CC) for perusal.
He expressed hope that constitution writing will begin as soon as discussion on the reports submitted by all the thematic committees of the Constituent Assembly is finished.
Stressing on the need to take the peace process and constitution drafting in a parallel manner, he complained that there has been no progress in the peace front since the Maoist combatants came under the Army Integration Special Committee.
The CA Chair further said that the constitution will be promulgated within the stipulated timeframe if the political parties become responsible towards their duties.